Outline and assess the view that the role of education...

Outline and assess the view that the role of education system is to justify and reproduce social inequalities (50) The view that the role of educations system is to justify and reproduce social inequalities is one from a Marxist perspective. They believe that capitalism creates inequality and allows those with wealth to keep theirs. Bowles and Gintis argue that there is a very close relationship between education and work. This is called the correspondence principle. Bowles and Gintis argue that in a capitalist society they are known to give children different types of education based on the class than on their actual ability. Meaning that schools will give working class children a different type of education in comparison to middle†¦show more content†¦Children at these schools are more likely to be taught to be more in command of the situation that they are in. Bowles and Gintis also reject the idea that the education is meritocratic, and providing equal opportunities for everybody. Middle class children will gain high qualifications and receive higher pad jobs because of their ability but also through their large quantities of cultural capital. Whereas working class children may not have the same opportunities to receive cultural capital this creating inequalities within the education system, much like the class system. This is called cultural reproduction. Bourdieu believes that education reproduces the culture and class system. It shows the importance of the upper class culture and therefore reinforces the power those have over the working class. They are allowed to do this by basing the education system off cultural capital, whilst the culture that the working class children are receiving is not on the education system and therefore they lose interest. Bourdieu believes that education has been developed by the bourgeoisie and therefore the working class have never had any real ownership on the education system they are forced to be a part of. However functionalists believe that the education institution is there and built for a reason, that it affects and benefits both theShow MoreRelatedRacism and Ethnic Discrimination44667 Words   |  179 PagesDevaluation of local knowledge 43 5.3.7 Reproduction of racism in artistic production 43 5.4 Manifestations of ethnic discrimination in the social sphere 43 5.4.1 Lack of socio-demographic information 44 5.4.2 Social exclusion 45 5.4.3 Discrimination in health care 45 5.4.4 Discrimination in churches 46 5.4.5 Discrimination in education 47 5.4.6 Discrimination in processes promoted by international cooperation agencies and development aid 48 5.4.7 Discrimination through theRead MoreOrganisational Theory230255 Words   |  922 Pagesand provides an advanced introduction to the heterogeneous study of organizations, including chapters on phenomenology, critical theory and psychoanalysis. 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Mary Shelleys Frankenstein - Societal Prejudices Essay

Societal Prejudices in Frankenstein Mary Shelleys novel, Frankenstein, sheds light on the importance of appearance through the tale of an unwanted creation that is never given a chance by society. Ironically, the supposed beast was initially much more compassionate and thoughtful than his creator, until his romantic and innocent view of the human race was diminished by the cruelty and injustice he unduly bore. Not only does the creature suffer the prejudice of an appearance-based society, but other situations and characters in the novel force the reader to reflect their own hasty judgment. The semi- gothic novel includes several instances of societal prejudice that include the isolation and outcast of Frankensteins creation,†¦show more content†¦The disappointment is not only irrational, but also shows his further jaded ideal of perfection in the fact that he considers ugliness a weakness. If that were true, ugliness would be the creatures only weakness, as the story goes on to tell of the selfless acts of kin dness the creature administers. Victor describes his supposed miserable failure as a deformed monster when he says His yellow skin scarcely covered the work of muscles and arteries beneath; his hair was of lustrous black, and flowing his teeth of pearly whiteness; but these luxuriances only form a more horrid contrast with his watery eyes, that seemed almost of the same color as the dun-white sockets in which they were set, his shriveled complexion and straight black lips (56; ch.5; vol.1). Later, Victor sees the creature after a long period of his aimless roaming, and he trembled with rage and horror (95; ch. 3; vol .2). Victor wished to engage in mortal combat because he had a faint premonition the creature might have possibly killed his son. 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Disney Case Analysis free essay sample

It is 1984, and Disney is the target of a potential takeover by notorious greenmailer Sual Steinberg. Disney is faced with the option of fighting the takeover through the courts and media, or to repurchase Steinberg’s shares, in effect, giving in to his greenmail attempt. However, there are many other important issues which are facing Disney. These range from Disney’s abysmal return on investment in recent theme park investments, to the complete failure of Disney’s motion picture division, to Disney’s alarmingly high dividend payout rate. In the following four sections, we will address these four issues Disney faces and recommend solutions to improve the financial health of Disney. Theme Parks Issue Recently, Disney has been following a bad investment policy. Disney invested a total of $1. 9 Billion in Epcot over a 6 year period and has increased its capital expenditures on theme parks by a total of $1. 277 Billion from 1981 to 1983. Despite these massive investments in its theme parks, Disney has only earned a return of 4% on Epcot and an overall return on Theme Park assets of 6% in 1983. Disney needs to find a way to more efficiently invest its capital and produce greater returns on its investments. Analysis In order to understand why Disney’s Theme Park investments have been so unsuccessful, we must analyze a number of different contributing factors. Why Disney is investing in Theme Parks? In order to understand why Disney is investing in Theme Parks, we need to take a look at the financial results of Disney’s different segments. Out of Disney’s 3 segments, Entertainment and Recreation (or theme parks) is Disney’s only segment which is nicely growing its profits in addition to attaining a healthy profit margin. Motion pictures is currently suffering, and actually losing money. Whereas, Consumer Products is producing profits and holding the greatest profit margin, however profits are not growing significantly. After looking at this analysis and nothing else, it appears as though Entertainment and Recreation is Disney’s most profitable segment and the one which they should be investing in. This is exactly what Disney is doing. Why are additional Theme Parks are the Wrong Investment? Before the expansion on new theme parks, Disney’s older theme parks had enjoyed much success. As recently as 1978, Disney’s Entertainment and Recreation segment had experienced a return on assets of 15. 7%. However, as Disney introduced new theme parks, they reached a point where the optimal supply of theme parks had surpassed the demand. This â€Å"oversupply† of theme parks can be seen by taking a look at the United States Demographic data provided in the case. First, it must be understood that Theme Park attendance, and in turn revenues, are driven by the younger demographic. According to the information above, the population group that drives Theme Park revenues (0 to 14 years old) is actually shrinking from 1970 to 1995. This represents a decrease in demand for Disney’s Theme Parks. Yet, at the same time, Disney is investing in and opening new theme parks. Essentially, Disney is increasing the supply despite a decrease in demand. This is counter intuitive by any economic standard. To further back the claims that Disney’s increased investment in theme parks is a bad move; let’s quickly analyze some measures of financial performance for their theme park segment. Clearly, the Entertainment and Recreation segment has experienced an abysmal return on assets recently. These numbers are even more disappointing when considering the Entertainment and Recreation segment produced an ROA 15. 7% as recently as 1978. Disney has made the wrong move in investing heavily in additional theme parks despite the population decrease in its main customer segment. In order to improve Disney’s position, it must make some changes. Suggested Changes Overseas Theme Parks The demand for additional theme parks does not exist in the United States, as can be seen from looking at the demographic data above. Therefore, there is no reason for Disney to continue expanding and investing in additional United States theme parks. Disney needs to immediately stop United States theme park expansion. However, this does not mean that Disney must stop investing in theme parks altogether. Disney should look to other countries where there is a demand for theme parks. By looking for countries where the demographics are in their favor and there is sufficient demand without oversupply, Disney can begin to earn sufficient returns on their theme park investments. Management Change Disney’s management should have foreseen the downside of overexpansion. It’s even possible that management did realize the lack of demand, however they may have wanted to extract us much demand as possible by building more theme parks. Either way, the decision to invest so heavily in theme parks despite their main market segment shrinking for the foreseeable future is incomprehensible. Earning a ROA of 6% in 1983 on theme parks assets when a 1983 T-Bill earns 8. 86% shows an abysmal utilization of assets. Management responsible for the decision to invest so heavily in theme parks needs to be fired from the company. Implementation How to Expand Overseas First, Disney needs to conduct market research in numerous modernized foreign countries. The focus of this research needs to be on the demand levels for a theme park, and whether the demand outweighs the current supply of theme parks in each country. Once Disney chooses the country with the most favorable supply and demand situation, it can begin analysis to determine whether or not they should actually construct a theme park in that country. They will estimate costs and future cash flows in order to conduct a NPV analysis in order to determine whether or not Disney should actually construct a theme park in that country. How to Implement Management Change Ask around management, and conduct interviews with high level managers in order to determine who was responsible for the decision to invest more heavily in theme parks. Once you have identified the main individual or individuals responsible for the decision, you let them know that they are being let go for their ineptitude. Then, search for top management at other similar companies (or any promising prospects within Disney) to fill the open positions. Motion Pictures Issue The motion pictures business has been historically one of Disney’s strongest segments since the company was founded. Over the years, classic films like Snow White and Cinderella have provided valuable revenue streams for the company. Films have accounted for a significant amount of Disney’s earnings and had a large impact on the performance of the company. However, in recent years the motion picture segment’s performance has been lackluster and recording an operating loss of $33. 3M in 1983. The recent failures in the motion picture segment had a profound ripple effect on Disney’s financial performance. Just two years ago the same division boasted a 17. 59% profit margin and operating income of $34. M. Analysis The recent missteps can be attributed to a failed TV channel startup, lack of a blockbuster movie hit, and the cancelation of a new Disney TV show on CBS. Although the film industry in general was suffering in 1983, the performance of Disney’s motion pictures division was abysmal. Suggested Changes New Management Performance in this division has steadily declined over the past three years. New talent needs to be brought in to help revitalize this division. Disney has been a household name since the advent of cinema and should not be lagging behind their rivals. Management needs to be held accountable for these failures. Increased Investment in Film Disney has arguably been one of the most successful film companies in the world since it was started in 1923. Creating, distributing, and selling films have been a core competency of Disney for many years. Disney needs to invest more money into creating innovative films and future blockbusters. For the past several years, there has been a disparate amount of funds invested into their park business compared to the motion picture segment. Disney needs to focus on their core competency of film and invest into motion pictures. Historically, this business has proved to be lucrative and these additional resources will help finance future blockbuster movies. Implementation How to Acquire New Management Currently, many of the Disney executives worked under Walt Disney, himself, and often won’t accept projects due to the reasoning that â€Å"Walt wouldn’t do that†. It is hard for creative talent to come up with great ideas and have them put down without any reasoning, other than a dead man wouldn’t have approved their ideas or projects. The current executive’s ties are too strong to the late Walt Disney and at least some of them need to be replaced with fresh blood. Fire the executives who are the most repeat offenders of the above mentioned offense. In order to replace them, we suggest that Disney looks to other top movie studies for executive talent. How to Increase Investment in Film While Disney is halting its theme park expansion in the United States and conducting market research overseas for new sites, a lot of additional capital will be lying around waiting to be invested. Once the new executives are in place, we suggest that Disney allocates a considerable amount of its free capital to motion pictures and see what kind of results that its newly hired executives can produce. Dividend Policy Issue One of the many vital points of interest that Ron Miller must address as Disney moves into the future is making a decision on its dividend policy. When looking at the dividend policy of the company, it is critical to conduct a financial ratio analysis of the company. Upon doing so, certain trends can be noticed. One of these noticeable trends happens to fall within the dividend payout rate. For over a decade, the dividend payout rate fluctuated only slightly staying in the range of 4% to 8%. Then beginning in 1978, the dividends began to increase exponentially arriving at a rate of 44. 4% only five years later in 1983. This five year spike in the dividend payout rate has come at the same time as the earnings per share continue to fall. This immediately should raise concerns for the financial security of the company. Analysis In deciding on a dividend policy, it is crucial for the company to decide how growth oriented it would like to be. Speaking simply, the mor e dividends Disney decides to pay out, the less retained earnings it has to put into future positively valued projects. This can be seen in the company’s sustainable growth rate. Calculating for 1883, the growth rate is only 3. 70% Given the large dividend payout rate of 44. 44%, Disney cannot grow with retained earnings at anything more than a modest 3. 70%. If Disney wanted to grow more than that, it could consider taking on more debt. The company has historically been averse to taking on too much debt and will most likely want to continue that trend into the future. If Disney wants to continue to grow without taking on debt, the company will need to consider lowering the dividend payout rate. Suggested Change Lower Dividends To align the dividend payout rate more closely with earnings per share along with setting the company up for more future growth projects, it is crucial in Disney’s financial planning that they cut back the dividend rate. It is our suggestion that Disney reduces its dividend so that its dividend payout ratio is in line with its historic payout of about 7. 50%. This will require Disney to cut its dividend down to $. 20 per share (based on 1983 EPS of $2. 70 per share). Decreasing the dividend to $. 20 per share would nearly double Disney’s sustainable growth rate, increasing it to 6. 16%. As a result, Disney would be able to finance more projects through retained earnings and continue to keep its leverage down. Implementation How to Lower Dividends Obviously, shareholders are not going to be happy to hear that you want to cut the dividend by 83%. This is why you have to issue a press release for general shareholders and at least a conference call or meeting with major shareholders to inform them of your intentions. During the conversation with shareholders, you are going to have to explain how it was a mistake in the past to increase dividends as earnings per share continued to slide. Let the shareholders know that you are going to correct this mistake now, rather than letting it continue to slide. Finally, mention that decreasing dividends will also help Disney remain a financially healthy company by keeping its debt low. Corporate Takeover Attempt Issue Possibly the most important issue faced by Ron Miller and the leadership of Walt Disney Productions is the imposing takeover attempt by well-known corporate raider, Saul Steinberg. This attempt has been sparked by Walt Disney’s current financial situation and performance. Currently, Disney seems to be an ideal target for a takeover. Disney has a great amount of cash on hand, totaling about $18 million. This, along with Disney’s underperformance and inefficiencies, are strong motivating factors for Steinberg’s attempt. It is likely that Saul Steinberg believes Walt Disney Productions to be undervalued. This is a conclusion shared by most raiders about the targets in takeover attempts. Disney is currently trading at $50 per share. Steinberg just initiated a tender offer for 49 percent of the company for $67. 50 per share. This is where Ron Miller must face a difficult decision by giving in to the greenmailing attempt by agreeing to purchase back Steinberg’s shares at a premium, or letting Walt Disney Productions fall victim to a takeover. Analysis It is essential for the future of Disney for us to examine the value of the company. From there, Disney must decide at what price, if any, should they buy back Steinberg’s shares. As stated earlier, Disney’s stock has been recently trading at $50 per share. (Graph) For our analysis of valuing the company, we calculated a WACC of 16. 6%, as well as three different possible growth rates of 8%, 11%, and 13%. From these calculations we were able to surmise an estimated company value of $68. 12 per share. This would lead us, as well as Saul Steinberg, to believe Disney to be undervalued. Recommendation Don’t Buy Steinberg’s Shares To successfully ward of Steinberg and his attempted takeover, Disney must offer him a hefty premium for the purchase of his shares. With his ownership of 12% of the company and his recent attempt for 49 percent of it, a pivotal decision must be made. However, after valuing the company and weighing possible options, we have come to a recommendation. For the sake of both the shareholders and stakeholders of the company, it would be not be wise to buy the shares owned by Saul Steinberg. A decision to succumb to Steinberg’s greenmail would greatly cripple the company from a financial standpoint. If Disney were to buy his share of the company, investors would experience a huge decline in their shares. Such a decision would be made solely to preserve the jobs and welfare of top managers of the company. Disney would be failing to maximize shareholder value, thus weakening Disney’s position in the market. We concluded that in order to avoid the takeover attempt, Disney would have to pay Steinberg $69 per share. This is $0. 88 more than our estimated value of the company and a 38% premium with respect to the current share price. This would leave Saul Steinberg with $289. 8 million, or a profit of $24 million at the expense of Disney’s shareholders. Implementation Don’t Buy Shares, Improve Company Instead of buying the shares, Disney should focus on cleaning up its act as a financially sound company, as well as a leader in its respective industries. With the likely replacement of Ron Miller and top executives, Disney would find itself in a position to change its current business policies. Disney is already highly capital intensive, with the recent increased spending on theme parks. The company should not be acquiring more debt by purchasing two new companies with no apparent synergies. Disney should immediately dump these unwisely obtained businesses. The money from these sales would enable Disney to invest in new business ventures, like expanding abroad and tapping into new markets.

John Ruskin College Essay Example

John Ruskin College Essay John Ruskin College is a sixth-form college for students aged between 16-19 years old. It has been running since 1989. John Ruskin started as a commercial school in 1920, became a boys grammar school in 1947 and then became a comprehensive mixed 14-18 high school in 1971. On 1st April 1993, it ceased to be a maintained sixth form college and became an independent corporation within the Further Education Sector, funded by the Further Education Funding Council. The college has more than 1300 full time 16-19 year old students on role with around 700 adults taking part-time courses each year. John Ruskin is one of the largest providers of A-Level courses in South London. The majority of its full time students come from Croydons secondary schools; with students also coming from Croydons surrounding schools as well as foundation and independent schools. The college currently employs approximately 140 teaching and support staff. The college has an impressive overall pass rate of 93%. The college will be the first in South London to run its very own football academy in association with Protec, a company that specialises in football coaching. The course is aimed at talented young footballers who have the potential and determination. Task 2 Professional development and training involves updating the knowledge and skills need for staff to do their work on a continuous basis. This could be through retraining for the job at hand. Due to the dynamic nature of the modern global business environment, human resources planning must be continuous. The key reasons for change in human resource development in John Ruskin College are: We will write a custom essay sample on John Ruskin College specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on John Ruskin College specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on John Ruskin College specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer New technology technological change in the world is happening all the time. Most, if not all workforces have been introduced to new technology in the form of updated systems. Updated systems will result in achieving goals quicker. Examples of technological change in John Ruskin College include changing over from blackboard to whiteboard to the recent Smartboard. Another technological change is from typewriter to computer, making writing essays, presentations and reports much easier and quicker to complete and edit. Also, calculators have been a major technological change to 30 40 years ago when either mental arithmetic or an abacus was implored to solve problems. The implications for the HR department in John Ruskin College are that they would need to bring in consultants to train staff on how to use the new technology being used. They could also send their staff on courses to learn how to use the technology as well. They would also have to invest in technology continuously, as all businesses need to keep up or else they will die. Workforce demands workforce demands should prompt HR to make sure that John Ruskin College has the right amount of staff with the skills to match. Even though there have been many changes at work that has improved the workforce, there are also employee expectations that will need to be improved. Employees will demand better working conditions and job satisfaction as well as flexibility where possible. They could also demand suitable training development and rewards to satisfy employees and to make sure that highly skilled and experienced teachers already within John Ruskin College are retained. Also, there are qualifications that are needed to teach nowadays, whereas 30 40 years ago there were no skills or qualifications needed at all. Teachers will also want improved pay as they are acquiring new skills ; qualifications and will therefore demand better terms or else they will leave the college if they get otherwise. The implications for the HR department in John Ruskin College are that they would have to offer incentives such as job security in order to keep staff happy and feel comfortable in their job. They could also offer extra training to boost staff skills levels. Development of the curriculum the variety of the courses 30 40 years ago was very slim. There were limited courses available. Nowadays, there are many new courses and trendy subjects to choose from. 30 40 years ago, the only subjects available were Maths, English, History, Geography etc. Nowadays, there is a wide range of vocational courses including Economics, Media, Film Studies, Law, Psychology and many more. Also, there has been a change in the name of courses, as we are moving with modern times. Work experience/placements has also been incorporated into the curriculum in order to give student a taste of how the workforce operates, whereas, in contrast, this was not available 30 40 years ago. The implications for the HR department in John Ruskin College are that they would need to recruit more staff to teach certain subjects, as most staff are not general teachers. They would also need to recruit staff to run activities such as enrichment within the College. Another implicati on could be that they may have to gain investment from the Government for recruitment to fulfil the Colleges needs Expansions and mergers mergers occur when companies combine into one company, therefore, making existing skills redundant due to there being too many of the same skills available. Expansion could involve introducing new departments or courses into the curriculum or opening other branches of John Ruskin as well as having the backing of the Government through investment. John Ruskin College has expanded by opening a new gym/fitness suite, science block and nursery. The implications for the HR department in John Ruskin College are that they would need to recruit skilled staff to run the department where qualified. However, there could also be redundancies in the case of a merger, as some of the skills of staff may not be needed anymore. Another implication could be that they may have to gain investment for recruitment to fulfil the Colleges needs When change is needed, the implications of these changes for human resource development must be assessed. These changes in education in John Ruskin College could also have effects on its employees. The effects are: Team working as a result of any changes made, the employees at John Ruskin College may have to move into a different department or team within the workforce. This could lead to possible job sharing or even more workload for the employees as a result. Changes to working methods as a result of any changes made, the employees at John Ruskin College may have to work in a different manner compared to the way they used to. This could lead to disagreements with management. New skills as a result of changes made, the employees at John Ruskin College will need extra training or retraining to improve their skills. For example, teachers will need to be trained on how to use Smartboard, as there is a big transition from the whiteboard. Redundancies as a result of changes made, the employees at John Ruskin College could be made redundant, as they may not be needed to carry out specific jobs at hand. Teachers are replaced with technology because it may be so advanced. Also, these changes in education in John Ruskin College could also have effects on its management. There are approaches management could take to ensure that the changes made are smooth. This could be by: Planning this involves looking and finding the areas that need to be changed within John Ruskin College. Once the problem has been found, a programme of change needs to be organised in order to find a solution. Implementation this involves carrying out the necessary changes that were deliberated on earlier. Once the programme is carried out, managers can help individuals to overcome any resistance, if any, to change by involving them at every stage of the decision making process and keeping them informed of what is happening at each stage of the process, including making them aware of the options open to them. They could also hold regular meetings to keep them up to date on proceedings. Control this involves making sure that the change implemented is carried out properly. It also involves talking about the current situation and where you want to be or what you want to achieve at the end of the phase. Review this is carried out when the programme of change is completed. This involves analysing the new situation at present and finding out what should the next phase of development be. Raising skills levels as a result of changes can reap many benefits to John Ruskin College and its staff. The benefits to John Ruskin College are: Meeting aims ; objectives raising skills levels could result in them achieving their targets for the year. When staff are given the opportunity to train, the College is helping itself to finish tasks quicker, therefore, achieving success. Improved reputation/image raising skills levels can have a positive outlook and the College will be seen as a respected institution. If facilities and training within the College are improved and students are achieving, the College will gain a good reputation through its results and will display a good image to the public. Once reputation is improved, it will have to recruit more staff, thus, enabling growth. An example of this within John Ruskin College is the number of courses that have grown over the years. Business ; IT and Health ; Social Care are the largest departments in the College and they accommodate over 200 students. As the departments grow, they will need to recruit more staff to run them efficiently. Higher standards when skills levels are raised, the standards of education will improve. If teachers are trained all the time, they will be better equipped to teach and students will be able to pass more easily. This would also benefit John Ruskin College because their league ranking among other institutions will improve. Attract new staff good results and excellent facilities will definitely bring in highly skilled and experienced staff to the College when skills levels are raised. When potential staff looks at the performance of the College, they will want to be a part of the success also. Therefore, having a highly skilled workforce will boost the profile of the College even further. An example of this within John Ruskin College is the number of courses that have grown over the years. Business ; IT and Health ; Social Care are the largest departments in the College and they accommodate over 200 students. As the departments grow, they will need to recruit more staff to run them efficiently. Improves recruitment when the College is performing well, there will be a high demand of people wanting to come to the college. More students will want to come to the college because of the reputation and results and potential staff would be keen to come to the college for the same reasons. The benefits of raising skills levels as a result of changes to staff are: Increased motivation staff will be motivated to work at a higher level once they have the acquired more skills. They will also be motivated to better the results they achieved the previous year. Career progression staff will want to move up within the College when they have achieved results. They want to be given the opportunity to go to the next level and gain promotion by gaining the right skills to do so. John Ruskin College have in place a career structure that people can work towards. For example, there is an opportunity to climb the promotion ladder, from teacher to assistant team manager to team manager. Gaining experience staff will be able to gain work experience from the training they will receive to carry out their jobs effectively, whether it be on-the-job or off-the-job. By gaining experience, they will be better equipped. The College makes an effort to have a programme of training 3 or 4 times a year, in the form of Inset Day. It involves all staff within the College and is compulsory. This is done on-the-job. Task 3 When there is a need for change, there is a process that identifies this. Identifying training needs to meet John Ruskin Colleges objectives involves imploring 4 key stages: Skills audit this involves assessing the skills of staff already in John Ruskin College. This is very important, as it helps the College to have an idea of the training, qualifications and experience that staff have acquired. A skills audit can be conducted through consulting with other departments to see what staff have achieved and what kind of training they have received. It can also be conducted through job shadowing, where you can observe how the staff carry out their duties. The College could also look at HR records where there are details of the job description and qualifications of staff. Through job descriptions, you can find out and identify the skills the person may possess, even though those skills may be inactive while working for the College. By unearthing the skills that some staff may possess, it could help make the change easier, as it could save time and money. Through job shadowing, you can find out what work staff are actually doing in the job and judge whether t hey are doing more or less than the job description entails. Analysing the workforce this involves looking at what type of staff the College has. The majority of the staff at John Ruskin College is full-time permanent, whilst the minority are part-time or temporary. Analysing the workforce also includes looking at particular staffing groups within the College e.g. those looking to retire, those looking to be retrained, those on temporary/part-time/full-time contracts etc. For this, plans must be put in place to recruit new employees to take over from those that will retire, provided the job will still exist. The College look at staffing groups to see if they can save time and money, for example, if staff are looking to retire, they will not want to retrain them just before they do so because they will want to save costs. They also look at staffing groups to see how much they will have to spend on people that retire. Identifying gaps this involves finding out what skills will be needed in the future within the College. This is very important, as the College will need to invest in retraining their staff in order to progress. Also, staff within the College may have to move to a different job role at a result of skills levels that are required. Allocating staff in an efficient way ensures that the workforce is developed to meet the business aims in the future. Identifying gaps also looks at who needs to be multi-tasked within the College. This involves training to do more than one task at a time in order to improve flexibility when change comes into effect. Developing a strategy this involves planning a programme of training to meet those needs for the development of the College. This is very important, as the College will need to draw up a scheduled programme of what to do, when to implement it, who to train first, when to train, where to train (internal or external) and find out if the resources for this programme are available. The College will want to identify whom to train first, as it will enable them to separate those that will retire and those that will remain in the College, thus, saving time. The College will want to identify where to train so that they can make the necessary provisions to do so. If it is external, they will want to make sure they have made contact with consultants regarding the training if their staff. The College will also want to identify if there are resources available for them to carry out the training e.g. PCs and training rooms if the training programme is internal or the funds to hire consultants to run training sessions if the training programme is external. Task 4 Training is the provision of instructions or education to someone about how to carry out specific tasks. It is usually for work-related tasks and can be either on-the-job or off-the-job. There are various training roles used within John Ruskin College and they hold various responsibilities. They are: Quality manager their role is to monitor and improve the quality of training ; staff development given to the staff in the College. Their responsibilities include meeting with line managers to discuss training needs, organise and arrange training for staff, either internal or external and finally, to get feedback from staff regarding development training. Their training role in John Ruskin College includes on-the-job and off-the-job training, for example, off-the-job training will involve training sessions run by external consultants. This will involve team members being taught how to use application such as Moodle and EAMS. On-the-job training includes job shadowing, where they can work with and watch another colleague and learn about the job. HR Manager their role is to follow practices and policies that deal with recruitment and selection of employees. Their responsibilities include developing and updating training programmes, remuneration, organising planning and development, maintaining staff welfare, improving performance and productivity, pay and fringe benefits, ensuring that labour laws, wage agreements and conditions of service are followed. They also play a vital role in negotiating with trade unions and employees associations and creating good relationships between managers and employees. Their training role in John Ruskin College includes off-the-job training, for example, off-the-job training will involve external courses. This will involve receiving updates on curriculum development i.e. BTEC may refresh a particular course and teachers have to be able to know what to teach. Another example of off-the-job could be receiving training from external consultants, where staff could be taught teaching and learning skills as well as how to deal with disabled people. Mentors their role is to help their mentee achieve something and find the right direction. Their responsibilities include managing the development of the relationship with the mentee, encouraging and motivating its mentee to accept challenges and overcome difficulties, allow adequate time to interact with the mentee, be able to resolve conflict and give appropriate feedback and be able to give a mentee encouraging feedback. Mentors should also endeavour to maintain regular contact with the mentee. Their training role in John Ruskin College includes on-the-job training, for example, observation, where they can watch another colleague and learn about how things are done in the job. Line managers their role is to control the activities of employees directly below them. Their responsibilities include carrying out risk assessments or ensuring that the person delegated to carry out the risk assessment is competent, ensuring that employees or visitors under their control are given suitable and sufficient information, training, instruction and supervision, taking a positive approach to considering staff requests for flexible working conditions; and seeking advice from the HR Manager about options for accommodating needs that have merit but is not covered by existing policies. Their training role in John Ruskin College includes on-the-job and off-the-job training, for example, off-the-job training will involve in-house courses. This will involve team members being asked to each others on how to operate something. Another example of off-the-job could be computer-based training, where staff could be taught how to use application such as Moodle and EAMS. On-the-job trai ning includes job shadowing, where they can work with and watch another colleague and learn about the job.

Comparison of Buddhism and the Baptist Religions

Introduction Buddhism is a religion based on faith, but it is not entirely based on the blind faith where the Buddhist follows everything proclaimed in its teachings. The Buddhists are highly religious and follow the rules, but most of them do not do anything they term as religious without questioning it.Advertising We will write a custom coursework sample on Comparison of Buddhism and the Baptist Religions specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More This is according to the Kalama Sutta which states that the Buddhists should not do everything they read without questioning its value. It states that people should use their knowledge, ideas and reasoning to determine the validity of the teachings they have to follow. The religion describes faith as a blind belief in the existence of something they have no proof of its existence. The Kalama Sutta records that all its believers can always belief in what they have a proof of its existence and kno w that its existence is a reality. The religion does not focus on the existence of things like heaven, hell, or miracles; instead, their belief is on the real things like the Pure Land. They have faith that it is the place where they can put into effect all the teachings in the Kalama Sutta. The Zen of faith is also a part of this resistance to believing blindly in everything that one comes across. The Zen of faith does not encourage the belief in supernatural things. It bases its arguments on four principal fundamentals that include faith, doubt, declaration, and vitality. Doubt and faith enable the Buddhists to lead a life where they are open hearted and open minded (Keown, 2009). The situation enables them to evaluate and analyze things that come in their lives. These faith and doubt, when combined, make the Buddhist’s heart soften to the different circumstances instead of making them resentful and bitter. The Baptist religion, on the other hand, believes in faith and do n ot question the things in the Holy Bible. Even though, the faith and beliefs vary from one church to the other in the Baptist religion, all of them have their foundations laid on the faith in the Bible. The Baptist religion also known as the â€Å"orthodox† religion shares common beliefs based on faith. Among the things that they strongly believe in is the existence of a supernatural being they call God and his son Jesus Christ. The Baptism religion also believes in the existence of the Virgin Mary who gave birth to the only son of God, Jesus Christ. The religion stresses the need to live a life free from any sinful actions that can compromise the faith of a Christian.Advertising Looking for coursework on religion theology? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Unlike the Buddhists who do not believe in miracles, the Baptists believe in the existence of miracles in their lives. The religion also stresses the importance of th e vicarious atoning of those who manage to live a holy life while they are still on Earth (Mullins,1935). The Christians also believe in death, resurrection of Jesus Christ and the Doomsday. They also have faith that salvation is the key that can guarantee a person that he/she will attain eternal live, God’s Kingdom is close to the trinity: God the Father, God the Son and God the Holy Spirit. The Baptist religion supports all these beliefs with verses from the Holy Bible. The name BAPTIST which stands for Biblical authority, Autonomy in the church, Priesthood that serves those who have faith in the church, Two ordinances, Individual freedom of the soul, Separation of Church and State and Two offices of the church. These are parts of the four freedoms which are the freedom of the soul, the church, the Bible and religion. The Wat Preah Keo is in the heart of Angkor Wat, which also means, the town of many temples. It is Cambodia and one can easily locate it. The Temple has many features that welcome the visitors into the Temple. It has a site where they have a collection of large images of Buddha, and a place where they give a lesson to anyone who does not know about the history of religion. The Temple has three resident monks who teach those interested in the religion anything they want to know. The monks are available all day and night, hence, makes the place available to anyone at any time. The entrance to the Temple has a map that shows the visitors the different parts of the Temple and explains briefly what each part serves. As this is not enough to guide the visitors and the Buddhists who come to pray in this Temple, there are members of the nearby community who act as a guide around the Temple. All this is a part of their religion which states that every Buddhist must be welcomed to visitors and should be hospitable. The Wat has many structures enclosed in it that serve different purposes. The chaidei, constructed in the shape of a bell or conical i s a place where they keep the vestiges of Buddha. The other structure in the Temple is the vihan which is the place where the members of the Temple assemble for prayers. The vihan also serves as a meeting room for the monks and the other members.Advertising We will write a custom coursework sample on Comparison of Buddhism and the Baptist Religions specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The Mondop or the Mandapa is an open structure in the Temple that is usually square in shape and does not have any enclosures on either ends. The structure has four arches that have a pyramid enclosed at the top. This room contains the physical objects that the Buddhist’s worship that include spiritual items and writings (Keown, 2009). The other structures found in the Temple are the Sala and the Ubosoth. The Sala is a secluded place where the members of the Temple and the monks or visitors go for recreational activates. It has equipments that ke ep the occupants of the Temple, and the visitors relaxed. The Ubosoth, on the other hand, refers to the holiest prayers take place. The other name for the Ubosoth is the ‘ordination hall’ because its other purpose is to serve as a place where the monks get ordained. This structure is similar to the Vihara, but the only difference between the two is the presence of the eight cornerstones situated at the corners of the Ubosoth. The eight cornerstones serve as a deterrent to the devils. The other difference between the two structures is the decorations that the Ubosoth has. It has more decorations than the Vihara and looks livelier as compared to the Vihara. The bibliotheca serves as a library where the holy Buddhist scriptures reside. The other structures found in the Temple include the drum tower, the bell tower and the multipurpose hall where the monks and other people in the Temple go to read and make references to the scriptures. The bell tower and the drum tower serv e as storerooms for bells and drums respectively. The other structures within the Temple vicinity, but not part of the Temple include the monks’ living quarters. These are not part of the Temple, and they are commonly referred to as monk cells. Buddhism versus Baptisms Devotion The two religions have many things in common, but the two tend to differ when it comes to some of its beliefs and practices. The Buddhism religion is particularly keen of devotion of its members to not only the religion, but also to the other people. Devotion is a key practice, and this is evident in the day to day activities of the Buddhists which include bowing, reciting, giving offerings, gifts and pilgrimage.Advertising Looking for coursework on religion theology? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More This is according to their belief of such practices in the Pure Land. The Buddhists believe that they have to perform such practices as an act of loyalty to the Buddha Amitabha. The practice is not common in the Baptism, because they believe that the most notable aspect of faith and devotion is leading a holy life with no sin. They do not believe in the bodily actions or offering of sacrifices as they believe that Jesus’ death and rising from the dead served as the ultimate sacrifice (Mullins, 1935). Meditation Meditation is another aspect of the Buddhism religion. This practice is a part of the Yoga practice which demands that the believer concentrates both on mind and body to the liberating mental process. The practice involves repenting for one’s misdeeds and trying to visualize a life free from evil deeds (Keown, 2009). The meditation process is in the Brahminic texts that list the steps that a Buddhist should follow when he/she is meditating. The motive of going i nto meditation is an effort to achieve a Holy stance and maintain it during one’s life. This is similar to fasting and prayers in the Baptist religion. A Christian goes into fasting in order to repent for his/her sins and get closer to God through the Holy Spirit. The three jewels and the trinity The other belief in the Buddhist religion is the practice where young people in the religion take sanctuary in the Three Jewels. This serves as a basis of the person’s religious beliefs. The three jewels include the Buddha, the Dharma and the Sangha. The three jewels are of considerable importance to the Buddhists because they serve as a sign of compassion, eternal and never ending or ever changing cores. These three jewels are the same as the holy trinity in Christianity. Each of the three jewels represents a different part of the Buddhist religion, but there is no way that they can be separated. The existence of one jewel depends on the existence of the other. Buddha can be compared to God the Father as he presents himself as the holy one. Dharma, on the other hand, is the one who guides the young generation from straying and offers a way for alienating their suffering and plays the same role as Jesus Christ (Mullins, 1935). Sangha is crucial as it provides a guide to the young Buddhist and gives them the necessary examples that relate to the teachings of the Kama Sutta. The Sanskrit and the Ten Commandments Buddhism has rules and moral codes that guide its believers and deters them from engaging in unruly behaviors. These are similar to the Ten Commandments in the Baptists religion. The Buddhists’ call the virtuous concepts the Sanskrit or refer it also as the PÄ li. The Sanskrit divides these concepts into different classes depending on the level of morality that they are dealing with and those who the concepts affect. It can either be the five concepts, the eight concepts or the ten concepts. Like the Ten Commandments, the Sanskrit aims at making the lives of its believers better and holy in order to attain eternity than when there are no rules to guide them. However, the difference is in the grouping of these concepts because the Baptism religion does not divide the Ten Commandments according to the people who are to follow the commandments. This is not the case in Buddhism; each concept is for a particular group of people. Therefore, one will found that monks have their own set of concepts that is different from those of the other believers. Baptism, on the other hand, does not make divide the Ten Commandments with regards as to whom will follow them; the Ten Commandments apply to everyone who believes in the religion (Keown, 2009). The monastic life The monks live a monastic life where they have no family; they do not get married and have kids. This is the same priesthood in some of the Baptist churches. Both the monks and the priest lead a holy life where their spiritual duties serve as a family, and they see the members of their religion as family. They act as mediators between the believers and the supernatural being. The other similarity is that both religions believe in life after death. Buddhism does not state clearly that people will rise after Jesus Christ comes back to Earth as the Baptist do, but they believe that the dead come back to life as new born babies. The difference between the two religions comes about when the Baptist religion talks about the second coming of Jesus Christ and the existence of Heaven. Though there is a similarity when it comes to where only the holy will go, they do not agree on the location of that place. Buddhism claims that the Pure Land is on Rarth while the Baptist religion claims that it is a place outside this world. Conclusion Buddhism and the Baptist religions have many things in common, but have their own differences. Buddhism is more concerned with the physical aspects of the religion that the spiritual aspects. This is not the case in Baptism b ecause they concern themselves with the inner most details of the spiritual concepts of the religion. However, many things tend to link the two religions together including the trinity and the three jewels. The main difference, however, comes about when it comes to the belief in faith. The Baptist religion bases all its values on the absolute faith they have in the Holy Bible. The Bible does not encourage them to question its scriptures. The Buddhists, on the other hand, do not believe in any thing blindly unless they have proof of its existence. References Keown, D. (2009). Buddhism: A Brief Insight. London: Sterling Publishing Company. Mullins, Y. (1935). The Baptist faith: the axioms of religion: a new interpretation of the Baptist faith. Chicago: Sunday school Board of the SBC. This coursework on Comparison of Buddhism and the Baptist Religions was written and submitted by user Emiliano Gould to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Birth Order and Effects on Personlality essays

Birth Order and Effects on Personlality essays Birth Order and the Effects on Personality The psychological effects on personality resulting from birth order have been studied for over a century and psychologists have recorded many fascinating results. First borns are reported to be more responsible and achievement oriented then later-borns, who are in turn reported to be more socially successful than their older siblings (Sulloway p. 55). First borns deal with pressure from their parents to be the exceptionally better at everything. Brand-new parents tend to be a paradox when it comes to their first born child. One side of them is overprotective, anxious, tentative, and inconsistent. The other side can be strict in discipline, demanding, always pushing and encouraging more and better performance (Leman p. 62). Personality although not completely dependent on birth order relies heavily on which order one was born in. Birth order effects are a result of a competition among siblings as they Alfred Alder worked extensively with the effects of birth order on personality. He said that the firstborn child was dethroned by the birth of the latter child. As Alder reasoned Sometimes a child who has lost his power, the small kingdom he ruled, understands better than others the importance of power and authority (Sulloway p. 55.). It is natural for firstborns to identify more strongly with power and authority. They arrive first within the family and employ their superior size and strength to defend their special status (Sulloway p. 19). Alder felt that firstborns develop a striving to imitate their parents, to feel responsible for their siblings, and to protect others. They are often serious and dont like surprises. They thrive on control, being on time and organized. First borns automatically fit into the category labeled advanced&qu...

Engineering Products Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Engineering Products - Case Study Example The largest of the three business areas is automotive components, employing 60% of the group's workforce. The division is a first-tier supplier, dealing with several of the multinational final producers of cars, and is less concentrated in the UK than the company as a whole; Table 11.2 shows that only a small proportion of the division's sales are made in Britain, while an even smaller proportion of the workforce is employed there. Continental Europe is the base for a much larger proportions of sales and employment, with most of this being in Germany, France and Spain. The case study concentrates on this division of the multinational. In recent years the pressure from the automotive division's customers has become a central force in shaping how it manages its international operations in general and its international workforce in particular. The customers themselves have sought to standardise their methods of production and working practices through a process of sharing 'best practice' across sites. This has meant that, while the cars sold vary in minor respects between countries, they are produced in increasingly similar ways. One consequence has been that the components they purchase need to be of exactly the same specification in different countries. Since many of the first-tier suppliers in the motor industry are themselves multinational and in many cases supply the same companies in different countries, the effect has been to persuade the components manufacturers to standardise their own operations internationally. The Standardisation of Production across Borders The impetus for international integration in Engineering Products, therefore, came from the demands of its customers. Management at the HQ of the division have been faced with the task of integrating what had previously been disparate plants, serving customers in their own country and operating in a largely decentralised way. A key part of forging greater integration was to create management structures at the international level in order to bring together managers from different parts of the group, facilitating the exchange of information between them. In Engineering Products there are several such structures which serve this function. The division operates 'manufacturing councils' which periodically bring together senior manufacturing directors from the plants to examine the processes which are adopted in each of the plants. A different structure fulfilling a similar function is the 'International College of Engineering', located in Germany, at which engineers develop and learn about new manufacturing methods. A further way in which the HQ has sought to drive integration at the international level is through the creation of an international cadre of managers who are expected to spend time on assignments in countries other than their own. One element of this has been the creation of internal consultants; these are managers who have been responsible for pioneering a new practice and who are subsequently given

Reflection on the Group work Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Reflection on the Group work - Essay Example We were exposed to worldviews and discover alternatives in getting the work done. Extensive discussions and shared of opinions helped to improve our slides and understanding on the topic. In addition, we were able to share our responsibilities and the combination of abilities and skills allowed us to learn from each other and facilitated efficiency and productivity in delivering a quality work. Besides that, we had learnt to respect and understand people from different countries and behaviours thus developing our interpersonal and listening skills. Team spirit which is not available in an individual work has been a great motivation for us to drive our presentation to success and meet the submission dateline. All in all, it fostered our relationship while working together. Nevertheless, communication breakdown occurred occasionally due to difference in language and not all group members were native speakers. There was misunderstanding on allocation of work at the start of the project due to insufficient communication but was quickly resolved through explanations. On the other hand, conflicts were unavoidable for example the choice of research country as each team members favour home countries which they are familiar with. However, we were able to reach a consensus and all members showed their work commitments and provided constructive comments throughout the project. Lastly, it can be time consuming to work as a group as individuals have to come together at an agreed time and there would be free talk among group members which might not be relevant to our assigned task. Additional time spent on resolving conflicts and explaining views had significantly reduced our group efficiency and made it a slow process compared to working individually. I would be more confident in overcoming the difficulties in working in a multicultural group and breakdown the barriers such as stereotypes and prejudices. Additionally, I see communication as the main obstacle thus I would ma ke effort to be more patient and have high tolerance rather than being aggressive. Two-way communication and positive feedbacks are critical to resolve disputes and promote mutual understanding and respect. Besides that, I would be a good team player offering my skills, giving suggestions, be more co-operative and provide assistance to other team members when required. One of the personal weaknesses identified is that I do not have quick adaption to the change in environment or situation. I faced difficulties in communicating and expressing my views to my team members from diverse culture at the initial stage as I used to stay in my comfort zone. Also, there is lack of experience in dealing and handling conflicts and contradictions. My other negative trait would be that I tend to be a perfectionist. I like to work in an organized way and often get frustrated when other group members do not portray the same level of effort that I do. I have set a personal goal seek to overcome my wea knesses. I have decided to join societies and clubs in order to widen my circle of friends with different nationalities and countries to enhance my soft skills and develop my confidence in building relationships. The people skills will nevertheless be useful for conflict resolution enabling me to calm and control the situation besides developing problem solving skills. On the other hand, I would display more patience and accept the fact that all individuals are

The Emergence of Globalization Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

The Emergence of Globalization - Research Paper Example As defined above, globalization is an elimination of trade barriers, communication and cultural exchange limitations (Murray, 2006). The emergence of globalization was introduced to promote inherent wealth among all countries in the world. The United States has notably been identified as the leader in globalization after the World War II. In 1993, they introduced the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) which was a movement aimed at eliminating trade boundaries and promoting globalization (Brook, 2008). In the 19th century, most countries started investing in new forms of transport and communication services. Additionally, there were other transport systems such as road and air transport and communication forms such as the introduction of the internet and the cell phone (Murray, 2006). With the invention of these advanced forms of transport and communication, billions of people were connected globally. In 2000, the International Monetary Fund acknowledged four fundamental aspe cts of globalization (Brook, 2008). These aspects include trade and transactions, capital and investment movements, migration and dissemination of knowledge. Early in the 21st century, the developing states augmented their global trade share. However, there was a vast disparity among the major regions in the world in regard to trade and other transactions. Also, the movement of people to different places in the world had a significant impact on the globalization factor. In most cases, it was noted that individuals migrated from their countries to other regions where the economy was advanced. In addition, dissemination of information is also an integral aspect in globalization (Brook, 2008). Technological innovations formed significant benefits to the least developing countries in the world. Lastly, the aspect of investment and capital movements still remains significant in globalization. Most of the corporations which are located in the United States have moved their services to oth er countries where it is cheap to perform their business. Additionally, other technical jobs and services are also moving to other locations. This is referred to as off shoring and outsourcing. Therefore, this has enabled most Americans to become designers and innovators among other careers, which employ new concepts and technologies. Research clearly asserts that, the education standards in the United States are drastically regressing. Subjects such as intelligent design are being taught in many institutions. Even with the higher education provided in the country, most of the technical subjects are being studied in other countries (Murray, 2006). The former president of the United States; George W. Bush claimed that they should not be against globalization. However, it is observed that the country is significantly falling behind when competing economically in the global market (Brook, 2008). As a matter of fact, something should be done before more Americans leave the country for b etter opportunities in other countries. The economy of the United States is temporarily stagnant as a result of these effects. In the globalization aspect, there are both positive and negative impacts. Most of the benefits of globalization correspond to the less developed countries since; through globalization the less developed countries are able to improve their economic conditions. In the United

Networks Project Proposal Introduction

Networks Project Proposal Introduction Networks Project ProposalIntroduction: The home network has potential. It adds growth and knowledge. The home network is important to use and access internet connection easily in home wireless network. This network also provide many other benefits as well like as, sharing a file between your computers in your home network, sharing a media file, sharing a folders between your computers in your home wireless network.iStock This wireless network does not cost much and it has many benefits to provide to connect wireless and non wireless devices across the network. The current network is connected via cables so its wired network. A cable goes from study room to lounge and from bed room to main hall. Its not feasible to connect many devices together in home via cable network because its require cabling through out the home and many times just because of loose cabling you have to connection loss. To overcome this hurdles in home network and to connect additional devices easily to home network wireless networking is very beneficial, so I am approaching to upgrade this wired network to wireless network. So the vast benefit of wireless networking like as I can share my files and folders more easily with my laptop and desktop computers. I can access my pictures from desktop computer to mobile device via wireless home networking. To share a printer in your home network wireless networking is more feasible option to choose because, in wireless network we dont need to run a long cable from router to printer. We can adjust the printer anywhere in home and still it will be connected to your computer via wireless connection. Network up gradation provide the benefit of using more wireless clients easily. Rationale: Connecting computers together (or computer devices) has been a main concern since the beginning of the information age. In the beginning of the computer revolution computing relied heavily upon telecommunication technologies for sharing computing resources, mostly due to the cost and size of those resources. For years, computer networks were nothing more than dumb terminals connected to a supercomputer (mainframe) in another location. This was the beginning of the computer network as we know it today. This web curriculum is designed to assist students in their understanding of computer networks and to help them gain the necessary knowledge that will afford them the skills and abilities of designing and implementing their own personal computer network. Project Goals: Next-generation home networking environments will contain a variety of Internet-ready devices or embedded systems, which will result in increased complexity for the end user. New methods are therefore required to build autonomic networking infrastructures that enable auto-configuration and self-management of the networked elements. In future Internet-based home environments a variety of devices such as PCs, smart phones, networked appliances and embedded systems will be organized into infrastructures and will act together to form a new type of service provisioning platform. Todays typical home environments often contain a few of these Internet-ready devices; in the future there will be even more, including embedded systems like sensors and actuators that are also accessible via Internet technology (e.g. TCP/IP, HTTP, Web services etc). While on the one hand this gives users the freedom to access a rich variety of devices in the vicinity of their homes, on the other it increases the depth of knowledge required to understand what is happening in such a complex networking environment. Novel methods for autonomous networking as well as self-configuration, self-management, self-organization, self-protection and self-healing (self-x) of the networking elements can take responsibility for observing and controlling the home network without directly involving end users. Technology will revolutionize the tools that are used in the home of the near future. Embedded computing, sensing and actuation technologies-coupled with new infrastructure in the built environment itself-will combine to enable new opportunities to support the work of the home. The wireless home networking goal is to successfully connect wireless devices such as laptops, desktop computers, VoIP phone, wireless printer, and network storage drive and wifi cell phone. The other goal is to configure the wireless devices so they can share network folders and print wirelessly in home network and to successfully achieve that we need to install wireless router and cable modem in home wireless network. Resources: Cost: The cost to build network is illustrate bellow, Linksys wireless router Cable modem Wireless printer Virtual Lan Network storage drive (Netgear) Switch Router The cost for internet connection which is provided by ISP is not included in the proposed network cost. The devices which are used in home wireless network are under warranty by the manufacturer for 3years and the technical support is also provided. Research: Advantages Disadvantages of wireless network: Wireless network have advantages and disadvantages when compared with wired LANs. A WLAN will make it simple to add or move workstations and to install access points to provide connectivity in areas where it is difficult to lay cable. Temporary or semi permanent buildings that are in range of an access point can be wirelessly connected to a LAN to give these buildings connectivity. Where computer labs are used in schools, the computers (laptops) could be put on a mobile cart and wheeled from classroom to classroom, provided they are in range of access points. Wired network points would be needed for each of the access points. A WLAN has some specific advantages: It is easier to add or move workstations. It is easier to provide connectivity in areas where it is difficult to lay cable. Installation is fast and easy, and it can eliminate the need to pull cable through walls and ceilings. Access to the network can be from anywhere within range of an access point. Portable or semi permanent buildings can be connected using a WLAN. Although the initial investment required for WLAN hardware can be similar to the cost of wired LAN hardware, installation expenses can be significantly lower. When a facility is located on more than one site (such as on two sides of a road), a directional antenna can be used to avoid digging trenches under roads to connect the sites. In historic buildings where traditional cabling would compromise the faà §ade, a WLAN can avoid the need to drill holes in walls. Long-term cost benefits can be found in dynamic environments requiring frequent moves and changes. Wireless network also have some disadvantages: As the number of computers using the network increases, the data transfer rate to each computer will decrease accordingly. As standards change, it may be necessary to replace wireless cards and/or access points. Lower wireless bandwidth means some applications such as video streaming will be more effective on a wired LAN. Security is more difficult to guarantee and requires configuration. Devices will only operate at a limited distance from an access point, with the distance determined by the standard used and buildings and other obstacles between the access point and the user. Methodology: Solution: find-ip-address To overcome the technical issues take necessary steps to build wireless home network. To solve the wireless range problem with the 802.11b/g, in this network 802.11n wireless standard is chosen. So it will provide wide range of wireless network and it will be enough for small to medium size home. The wireless security is configured so the home wireless network can be protected. To protect wireless security WPA2 personal security encryption is configured and MAC address allocation is also configured so the wireless router will not provide access to any other device and the home wireless clients devices will be secured. The firewall is also enabled on Linksys wireless router so it will provide security from outside. From outside no one can hack your home network and harm the computer systems. The ultimate in wireless security measures, shutting down your network will most certainly prevent outside hackers from breaking in! While impractical to turn off and on the devices frequently, at least consider doing so during travel or extended periods offline. Computer disk drives have been known to suffer from power cycle wear-and-tear, but this is a secondary concern for broadband modems and routers. Summary: To build wireless home network, using this simple three-step approach: 1. Identify the WLAN design thats best for your situation 2. Choose good wireless gear 3. Install gear and test the configured WLAN Wireless offers tangible benefits over traditional wired networking. Each computer you wish to connect to a WLAN must possess a wireless network adapter. Wireless adapters are sometimes also called NICs, short for Network Interface Cards. Wireless adapters for desktop computers are often small PCI cards or sometimes card-like USB adapters. Try to install your wireless router in a central location within the home. The way Wi-Fi networking works, computers closer to the router (generally in the same room or in line of sight) realize better network speed than computers further away. In densely populated areas, its not uncommon for wireless signals from one persons home network to penetrate a neighboring home and interfere with their WLAN. This happens when both households set conflicting communication channels. Fortunately, when configuring an 802.11n router, you can change the channel number employed. For example, you may choose any WLAN channel number between 1 and 11. If you encounter interference from neighbors, you should coordinate channel settings with them. Simply using different channel numbers wont always solve the problem. However, if both parties use a different one of the channel numbers 1, 6 or 11 that will guarantee elimination of cross-WLAN interference. Wireless LANs suffer a few more reliability problems than wired LANs, though perhaps not enough to be a significant concern. 802.11n wireless signals are subject to interference from other home appliances including microwave ovens, cordless telephones, and garage door openers. With careful installation, the likelihood of interference can be minimized. Wireless networking products, particularly those that implement 802.11n are comparatively new. As with any new technology, expect it will take time for these products to mature. Wireless LANs using 802.11n support a maximum theoretical bandwidth of 300 Mbps. Furthermore, Wi-Fi performance is distance sensitive, meaning that maximum performance will degrade on computers farther away from the access point or other communication endpoint. As more wireless devices utilize the WLAN more heavily, performance degrades even further. Overall, the performance of 802.11n is sufficient for home Internet connection sharing and file sharing, but generally not sufficient for home LAN gaming.

Definitions on the Internet of Things Essay

Here is a list of existing definitions for the Internet of Things:- * â€Å"Things having identities and virtual personalities operating in smart spaces using intelligent interfaces to connect and communicate within social, environmental, and user contexts† or â€Å"Interconnected objects having an active role in what might be called the Future Internet† or semantically â€Å"Internet of Things means a world-wide network of interconnected objects uniquely addressable, based on standard communication protocols† ETP EPOSS 05/2008 * â€Å"A global network infrastructure, linking physical and virtual objects through the exploitation of data capture and communication capabilities. This infrastructure includes existing and evolving Internet and network developments. It will offer specific object-identification, sensor and connection capability as the basis for the development of independent cooperative services and applications. These will be characterized by a high degree of autonomous data capture, event transfer, network connectivity and interoperability.† Casagras 02/2009 * â€Å"A world where physical objects are seamlessly integrated into the information network and where the physical objects can become active participants in business processes. Services are available to interact with these ‘smart objects’ over the Internet, query and change their state and any information associated with them, taking into account security and privacy issues.† Stephan Haller, SAP 05/2009 * â€Å"Internet of Things (IoT) is an integrated part of Future Internet and could be defined as a dynamic global network infrastructure with self-configuring capabilities based on standard and interoperable communication protocols where physical and virtual ‘things’ have identities, physical attributes, and virtual personalities and use intelligent interfaces, and are seamlessly integrated into the information network. In the IoT, ‘things’ are expected to become active participants in business, information and social processes where they are enabled to interact and communicate among themselves and with the environment by exchanging data and information ‘sensed’ about the environment, while reacting autonomously to the ‘real/physical world’ events and influencing it by running processes that trigger actions and create services with or without direct human intervention. Interfaces in the form of services facilitate interactions wit h these ‘smart things’ over the Internet, query and change their state and any information associated with them, taking into account security and privacy issues.† CERP-IoT 09/2009 * â€Å"The future Internet of Things links uniquely identifiable things to their virtual representations in the Internet containing or linking to additional information on their identity, status, location or any other business, social or privately relevant information at a financial or non-financial pay-off that exceeds the efforts of information provisioning and offers information access to non-predefined participants. The provided accurate and appropriate information may be accessed in the right quantity and condition, at the right time and place at the right price. The Internet of Things is not synonymous with ubiquitous / pervasive computing, the Internet Protocol (IP), communication technology, embedded devices, its applications, the Internet of People or the Intranet / Extranet of Things, yet it combines aspects and technologies of all of these approaches.†

Good Members of Society Essay

Some people think that parents should teach children how to be good members of society. Others, however, believe that school is the place to learn this. Discuss both these views and give your opinion Education plays an important role in our lives for shaping us to become good members in society. Nowadays, both parents and schools actively take part in the process educating their children. While some people view that the parents are primarily responsible for teaching their children to become responsible members in society, others believe that it is the responsibility of the schools. However, in my opinion, both parents and schools have a role to play in guiding children in the right path for a peaceful society. Home is the first school and parents are first teachers of ours. Because during the childhood they teach us how to speak and behave to someone in society. Other way parents own behavior is also affect to their children and they get these easily while they are child. Then they are going to be formed how they see and hear. Subsequently children will show their experience to the others what they learn from their parents. That`s why parents must be careful while they are teaching their children because they are seriously responsible from their children. Although school is the best place for the children to learn and to be o good person. At school they meet with many people and do their activities together with their classmates. Children can learn how to act and have a good attitude. Teachers, except teaching many subjects they also teach to the children how to have o good behavior with their friends, parents or neighborhoods. That`s why, parents always have a big hope from school to help them for creating their children to be o good person. In my view I think that good parents are good teachers and both of them have their own role in our society.

Difficulties of communication within Jebel Ali Free Zone organization

Difficulties of communication within Jebel Ali Free Zone organization Introduction Communication is one of the most important elements in a firm’s operations. Through effective communication, a firm can establish a strong relationship with the various organizational stakeholders such as customers, suppliers, government, and employees amongst others (Griffin, 2011).Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Difficulties of communication within Jebel Ali Free Zone organization specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More In the course of executing their duties, business executives experience communication problems, and thus they are concerned on how to understand better the various stakeholders especially the employees. Jackson (2006) is of the opinion that it is paramount for firms’ management teams to overcome internal and external communication barriers. The communication interactions and approaches adopted by organizations directly influence the functioning of their departments and hence their overall business performance. This paper evaluates the case of Jebel Ali Free Zone in a bid to develop a better understanding of the communication difficulties experienced by organizations. The paper also evaluates a number of barriers and difficulties that the firm experiences in its communication processes. They include the existence of cultural barriers, lack of feedback, lack of clarity, system design faults, and lack of honesty and complexity of the organization. Finally, the paper proposes a number of solutions to deal with these problems. General information about Jebel Ali Free Zone Jebel Ali Free Zone (Jafza) was established in 1985. It is a member of the UAE’s Economic Zone World. In its operation, Jafza is committed at delivering optimal customer service. Its commitment to customer service enabled Jafza to attain ISO 9001: 2000 certification (Business Services, 2012, Para. 1). Since its establishment, the organization has undergone a significant transfo rmation. Currently it acts as a hub for over 6,700 companies, which are both domestic and foreign companies. The companies are from 150 different countries across the globe. The organization was founded on the premise of becoming an international business hub. Its establishment was also intended at providing its clients with an opportunity to access a wide range of valuable business features such as optimal location, effective and efficient infrastructure, and logistics. Over the years, the organization has become a key driver within the rapidly growing United Arabs Emirates economy (Business Services, 2012).Advertising Looking for research paper on business communication? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The organization is situated at Dubai, which serves as an optimal midway between various continents such as Africa, Europe, and Asia. Consequently, Jafza provides its clients with the opportunity to increase their cu stomer base. As an international business hub, Jafza enables businesses to access a customer base of over 2 million people. Jafza also acts as a gateway to other economies within the United Arabs Emirates, Middle East, and the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC), which are less than 24 hours away. The zone is located between Al Maktoum International Airport, the largest container port, and Jebel Ali Port in Dubai, which ranks as the sixth biggest cargo port. Jafza is unique in that there is no other free zone that lies between two major logistic enablers. The organization also prides in a 6-lane highway, which facilitates transportation of custom bound goods between ports within 20 minutes. Establishment of an effective and efficient infrastructure is one of Jafza’s key strengths (Business Services, 2012). In a bid to increase its client base, Jafza has incorporated a number of commercial incentives such as full repatriation of capital and profit earned from the firm’s oper ations, zero income and corporate taxes for the duration of fifty years, 100 per cent foreign ownership and elimination of local labor restrictions for investors. Additionally, Jafza has also eliminated currency restrictions. The organization also provides diverse state-of-the-art facilities some of which include Light Industrial Unites (LIU), warehouse and showroom facilities, land, and office space. The purpose of establishing the light industrial units was to provide clients with an opportunity to store their light industrial products and undertake light assembling and production. The firm ensures that the LIUs are adequately supplied with sufficient power, which enables them to undertake their business operations smoothly. Other facilities that LIUs have include sufficient parking space and a container loading dock. Jafza has established eight blocks, which compose the 68 showroom-cum-warehouses to meet the needs of its clients. The rooms serve various purposes such as distribut ion, display, and storage. On the other hand, Jafza owns a sizeable plot of land, which is available for leasing. Management problem communication difficulties Jafza Jafza is cognizant of the importance of attaining operational efficiency. Consequently, the firm has established a number of departments, which include sales and marketing, property, civil engineering, and administrative services departments (Business Services, 2012, Para. 3). The departments’ operations aim at attaining one objective, which is to appraise the applications made by the various clients who intend to establish their operations in the Free Zone.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Difficulties of communication within Jebel Ali Free Zone organization specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Upon the client’s approval, the departments provide additional vital services to clients. In spite of existence of goal congruence between th e various departments, their responsibilities differ. Successful communication forms the foundation of Jafza’s operations. However, in the course of its operation, Jafza faces a number of communication difficulties as discussed below. Cultural barriers Culture is one of the major issues that organizations have to take into account in the course of their operations (Krizan, 2011). However, companies that are involved in cross-border activities are the most affected by the existence of cross-border cultural differences. In its operation, Jafza has established itself as an international business hub. Consequently, the firm faces a number of cultural challenges. Jafza serves clients who are characterized by diverse language and cultural backgrounds. The cultural differences emanate from the fact that the clients come from different countries. Some of the major cultural differences that Jafza experiences are associated with differences in ethnicity, physical challenge, religion, l ifestyle, age, and gender. Consequently, the firm experiences a number of communication barriers. One of the main cultural barriers associates with cultural ethnocentrism and relativism. According to Krizan (2011), cultural relativism emanates from differences in values and behaviors amongst the parties involved. One of the standards of measuring cultural relativism is ethics such as what one culture considers being right or wrong. By developing such an approach, some of the Jafzas employees experience a challenge in the process of interpreting the intended meaning by the clients. On the other hand, the firm also experiences communication difficulties within its departments due to ethnocentrism. In a bid to develop a strong human resource base, Jafza has sourced its employees from different countries. However, some of the employees consider their culture as more superior compared to other cultures. As a result, this aspect leads to lack of effective collaboration between the firmâ⠂¬â„¢s departments. Collaboration between departments in an organization is attainable by ensuring effective communication. Despite the existence of similarities between employee behaviors, their culture may be completely different, which leads to the formation of stereotypes and distrust amongst employees in various departments.Advertising Looking for research paper on business communication? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More In its operation, Jafza experiences a major problem due to the existence of stereotypes within its departments, which fail to appreciate the importance of cultural diversity. Consequently, the firm suffers through reduction in the level of integration between departments. Additionally, some employees in Jafza departments consider their culture as superior to others. Consequently, they prefer working with employees of their cultural background compared to others. This aspect means that there is a substantial level of distrust amongst the firm’s employees. However, the success of Jafza is dependent on the operations of all the departments. Existence of communication difficulties due to cultural barriers is adversely affecting teamwork within the firm. Considering the fact that Jafza deals with a wide range of clients from different countries, the organization has to deal with the issue of cultural diversity. In an effort to deal with this challenge, Jafza has to train its workf orce continuously to manage the existing communication gaps effectively. One of the issues, which the firm has to focus on in its training process entails helping the employees to appreciate cultural diversity. Additionally, Jafza has to ensure that its employees in the various departments are bilingual (Hartley, Chatterton, Bruckmann, 2002). Lack of feedback For complete communication cycle, there has to be feedback from the intended recipient (Lunenburg Ornstein, 2008). The feedback enables the initiator of the communication process to determine whether the recipient has understood the intended message. Decoding the sent message is paramount in ensuring the implementation of the appropriate action. However, Jafza’s communication process faces a major challenge due to lack of feedback. One of the factors that lead to lack of feedback associates with ineffective collaboration between the various departments. In the course of executing their duties, the firm’s departm ents carry diverse responsibilities. For example, the sales and marketing department is charged with the responsibility of receiving, approving, and analyzing the applications made by clients. On the other hand, the civil engineering department’s responsibility entails analyzing the clients’ projects. Therefore, operations of the two departments are interlinked. The civil engineering department cannot execute its duties if the sales and marketing department receives the applications and fail to communicate the same. Lack of clarity In a bid to attain the desired effectiveness in the communication process, it is paramount for the firms’ management teams to ensure that the employees understand the intended message. However, there are some instances when the message is not adequately decoded (Lunenburg Ornstein, 2008). One of the reasons why the message may not be understood is associated with the fact that the employees might interpret the message differently. In the course of its operation, Jafza experiences a major challenge in communicating to the various departments, which arises from the fact that there are some instances when the message is not clear. This aspect forces the employees to act in a manner that is contradictory to the intended action. System design faults Considering the importance of communication within and across departments, most organizations are cognizant of the importance of implementing communication systems and structures. One of the communication systems that firms should implement relates to information communication system. In the course of its operation, Jafza has implemented an information communication system across all its departments. However, the communication system is not well configured to meet the firm’s communication needs. Consequently, Jafza has been experiencing a major challenge when communicating to its employees and clients (Means Rankin, 2010). The communication system entails relying on the clients and employees’ personal emails IDs. This element presents a major challenge because the firm would not have managed to track the clients or employees in the event they left Jafza. Additionally, the firm also faced a challenge because most clients lost their email IDs. Consequently, Jafza suffered a major challenge with regard to implementing and maintaining an effective and reliable e-mail communication system especially with regard to its clients operating outside the free zone. Therefore, to improve the efficiency of its customer service delivery, Jafza needed an effective communication channel that would improve communication consistency. Lack of honesty Honesty is one of the indispensable elements of every successful business entity, and the lack of the same is a clear indication of an imminent failure. During difficult times such as recession, Jafza experiences a major challenge in its communication process. The challenge emanates from the fact that emplo yees may not be honest in their communication process. For example, during difficult times, the firm requires employees to give honest answers on some of the issues that the firm is facing. However, upon sensing the problems, the employees may fail to issue the intended information. Complexity of the organization According to Fielding (2006, p. 20), organizations experience a challenge due to the existence of numerous people to whom the message should be passed. Passing information to many individuals may result in the message being distorted due to extensive filtering and omission errors as the message is being passed on from one party to another. This phenomenon is very rife in Jafza due to the hierarchical organizational structure that the firm has adopted. In an effort to meet the customers’ needs, the firm has organized itself into a number of departments, which include sales and marketing department, administrative services department, civil engineering department, and the property department. The operations of every department are greatly dependent on other departments. As a result, the firm experiences communication breakdown due to the occurrence of distortions and omissions. Solutions to deal with the problem In order to continue with its high rate of growth, it is paramount for Jafza to deal with the communication difficulties experienced, and to achieve this objective, the firm should take into account a number of issues as outlined below. Incorporating an audience-centered approach Jafza should incorporate effective measures to deal with communication difficulties across and within departments arising from the existence of cultural differences. Firstly, the firm should stimulate the employees to appreciate the prevailing cultural diversity, and to achieve this goal, the firm should ensure that the employees understand each other’s cultural differences with regard to education, race, religion, status, gender. This move will play an im portant role in eliminating discrimination amongst employees. Thus, the firm will undertake effective communication. One of the ways through which this goal is attainable is by taking into account the message needs of the intended receiver. Fostering an open-communication environment Existence of restrictive environment is one of the reasons why organizations are not efficient in their communication process, and to deal with this challenge, Jafza should ensure that there is open communication. One of the ways through which the firm can achieve this aspect is by modifying the number of organizational level. For example, the firm can adopt a more flat organizational structure, which will lead to an improvement in the degree of interaction between the firm’s departments. Additionally, Jafza should ensure that it incorporates the concept of teamwork. The firm should assign some responsibilities to employees from various departments. This move will play an important role in improv ing the level of trust amongst employees, and thus there will be an increment in the rate of interaction amongst employees, hence improving communication (Fielding, 2006, p. 20). Incorporating ethical communication Jafza should ensure that it integrates ethical communication to improve the effectiveness and efficiency with which it delivers its customer service. The firm can achieve this goal by motivating employees to be transparent in their communication process. Therefore, they should desist from all deceptive tactics and issuing negative information. Improve the efficiency of the message Jafza is a very complex organization; therefore, it is important for the firm to ensure that it creates lean and efficient messages. In a bid to achieve this objective, the firm should motivate departments to report in a concise manner, for such a move will play an important role in preventing the audience from losing interest in reading the intended message. Additionally, incorporation of lean messages will tend to increase the level of concentration amongst the employees. By keeping the messages lean, the firm will avoid overloading its information communication network (Fielding, 2006, p. 20). Updating its communication infrastructure In an attempt to deal with the communication systems challenge, Jafza outsourced the services of FVC, a renowned value added distributor of Google Enterprise solutions in North Africa and the Middle East. The firm offers a wide range of e-mail solutions specifically the ready-to-use email solutions. In addition to being secure, the email solution provided by FVC is also compatible with that of Jafza and its clients. The technology utilizes Google’s cloud computing technology. Additionally, the technology can be implemented immediately and accommodate numerous users of information communication without undertaking major infrastructural changes. By outsourcing, the services of FVC, Jafza has been in a position to deal with the communi cation challenge it experienced due to system design defaults. One of the ways through which the firm has benefited is that it has customized its clients and employees’ e-email addresses. Employees can use addresses such @jafzamail.com. Through this technology, the firm’s management team can communicate with its employees and clients. Additionally, the firm has continued to ensure that it maintains the integrity of the communication medium. One of the ways through which the firm has attained this aspect is by ensuring that there is a two-way communication amongst the firm, its clients, and employees. Implementation of technology has extensively benefited the firm. For example, its deployment is both quick and convenient. Additionally, the firm is not required to undertake extensive training in enabling the employees and clients to use the technology. Therefore, the firm has minimized the cost of implementing the new technology in addition to improving its communication effectiveness and efficiency. Conclusion This analysis underscores the importance of communication within an organization. However, firms experience numerous communication challenges in their operations. Due to its cross-border operations, Jafza experiences numerous cultural barriers in its communication process. These barriers emanate from the existence of cultural diversity amongst the firm’s employees, which is well illustrated by the fact that some employees consider their culture as more superior compared to that of their fellow colleagues. Consequently, stereotypes emerge within the organization. The cultural differences also lead to the emergence of an inefficient feedback mechanism due to language barriers, thus leading to lack of inter-departmental collaboration. Lack of collaboration has adverse effects on the firm’s operational efficiency. System default designs are another factor that had adversely affected the firm’s communication process. As a res ult, the firm’s management team could not stay in touch with the firm’s employees and its clients. Lack of honesty amongst its employees is another challenge that the firm experienced in its communication process. Some employees were not willing to give transparent information regarding the firm’s operations. In a bid to deal with the communication difficulties due to the system default design, Jafza has incorporated a new Google email solution. The new system has significantly improved the firm’s communication effectiveness and efficiency. In spite of this move, the firm should address a number of issues. Firstly, the firm should incorporate an audience-centered approach, which will improve its focus on the communication needs of the employees. It is also important for the firm to foster open communication in the firm by adopting a lean organization structure. This move will reduce the complexity associated with the reporting process. Fostering ethical c ommunication practices will also improve the firm’s communication efficiency. Additionally, the firm should continuously update its communication infrastructure Reference List Business Services. (2012). Jafza free zone. Web. Fielding, M. (2006). Effective communication in organizations: preparing messages that  Communicate. Lansdowne, Cape Town: Juta Academics. Griffin, R. (2011). Management. Mason, OH: South Western Cengage Learning. Hartley, P., Chatterton, P., Bruckmann, C. (2002). Business communication; an  Introduction. New York, NY: Routledge. Jackson, J. (2006). The organization and its communication problems. Journal of  Communication, 9(4), 158-167. Krizan, A. (2011). Business communication. Mason, OH: Cengage Learning. Lunenburg, F., Ornstein, A. (2008). Educational administration: concepts and  practices. Belmont, CA: Wadsworth. Means, T., Rankin, D. (2010). Business communication. Mason, OH: South Western Cengage Learning.